According to a Bank for International Settlements BIS study, around 15 retail central bank digital currencies (CBDCs) might be in circulation globally by the end of this decade. Within the next six years, nine central banks have stated that they are “very likely” to issue a CBDC for wholesale usage in financial markets. 93% of the 86 central banks polled are currently engaged in CBDC activity, with significant countries like as India, the United Kingdom, and the European Union seriously considering producing digital versions of their fiat currencies. According to the study findings, stablecoins and other crypto assets are seldom utilized for payments outside of the crypto ecosystem, with cross-border transfers and consumer purchases being the most common applications. The number of central banks declaring that they are unlikely to issue a CBDC has increased during the year, with fewer remaining undecided.